The Telangana Panchayat Raj Act, 2018 ensures social justice and inclusiveness in rural local bodies by mandating reservation of seats and offices for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Backward Classes (BC), and Women. The Act provides detailed formulas for implementing these reservations in both MPTC (Mandal Praja Parishad) and ZPTC (Zilla Praja Parishad) elections.
1. Reservation for SCs and STs
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Seats are reserved proportionate to their population in the concerned Mandal (for MPTCs) and in the District (for ZPTCs).
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In Scheduled Areas, not less than 50% of the seats must be reserved for STs.
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In villages where 100% population belongs to STs, all seats are reserved exclusively for them.
2. Reservation for Backward Classes (BCs)
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The Act guarantees 34% reservation for Backward Classes across the state.
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Reservation is calculated Mandal-wise and District-wise using the proportionate population formula.
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If there are no BC voters in a Gram Panchayat, the seat reservation is shifted to another Panchayat within the same Mandal to maintain balance.
Eligibility for ZPTC and MPTC Elections in Telangana: Explained
3. Reservation for Women
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50% of all seats (including reserved and unreserved categories) are reserved for Women.
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Applies to all categories – SC, ST, BC, and General.
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This has led to a significant increase in women’s participation in rural governance.
4. Rotation of Reservation
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Reservation is applied in rotation after every two terms.
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For example, if Ward No. 1 is reserved for SC (Women) in one election, it cannot be reserved for SC (Women) again in the next cycle until all other wards in that category are covered.
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Rotation ensures fairness and equal opportunity across different wards and constituencies.
5. Example of Reservation Formula
If a Mandal has 12 MPTC seats and:
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SC population is 20% → 2 to 3 seats reserved for SCs.
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ST population is 10% → 1 seat reserved for STs.
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BC reservation fixed at 34% → 4 seats for BCs.
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Remaining seats, along with half of all categories, are reserved for Women.
6. Impact of Reservation
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Political Empowerment: Marginalized groups get direct representation.
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Women Leadership: Half the positions are now occupied by women, creating inclusive decision-making.
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Social Balance: The rotation system prevents dominance by one category in the same ward.panchayat raj Act 5 of 2018
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